
6 December-January 2014
NEWS VILLAGER
lanes. Meanwhile on the ground An Bord
Pleanála is chipping in with a po-faced
policy incoherence, swelling the size
of the Liffey Valley Shopping Centre in
south Dublin; and of the greed-and-lucre
touting Kildare Village, and permitting
continued use of 10,200 long term surface
car parking spaces by Dublin Airport and
provision of more than 700 new car spaces
for a wholly car-dependent premises for
the Kerry Group outside Naas. In 2009
‘Smarter Travel’ pronounced: “there will
be a considerable shift to public transport
and other sustainable forms of travel”, that
“the present levels of traffic congestion
and travel times will be significantly
reduced”, “work-related commuting
by car will be reduced from a current
modal share of 65% to 45%”, and “the
total kilometres travelled by the car fleet
in 2020 will not increase significantly
from current total car kilometers”.
Old Enemy takes one for Ireland
The Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) has enthusiastically welcomed
the marginal drop of 0.7% in overall
Irish greenhouse gas emissions
for 2013 (over 2012). Cynics are
attributing the drop to emissions newly
‘exported’ to the UK via the new East-
West electricity interconnector.
Meanwhile, the Climate Bill promised
in December by Enda Kenny for
year’s end has been delayed again.
Intelligent life on Mars?
Villager has long been convinced there
is no intelligent life anywhere.
Making Ireland look good
Italian politics has reverted to the status
quo ante: a game of which major party
can implode first. Matteo Renzi, the
prime minister and leader of the centre-
left Democratic party (PD), and ludicrous
philandering septuagenarian Silvio
Berlusconi, who heads the terminally
inert centre-right Forza Italia, both face
swelling revolts by dissident factions. But
the headquarterless and web-based Five
Star Movement (M5S) which got a quarter
of the national vote in 2013 faces the
biggest problems. Since Grillo refuses to
ally with any of the mainstream parties,
the movement was forced to join an uneasy
coalition between the far left and far right.
15 of the 54 senators and five of the 109
deputies elected for the movement last year
have either left the M5S or been thrown
out. They really could have done with some
of Michael Fitzmaurice’s mentoring.
Aerogini
Villager is in a permanent state of
exhaustion at this magazine’s fetish for
the Gini Coeffficient, a stringent gauge of
equality in society. The Gini Coefficient is
valued at between 0 and 1; with 0 being
perfect equality and 1 being perfect
inequality. Beth Berman, a sociologist at
SUNY Albany, passing a bored moment
on a flight, decided to calculate the
Gini index for US passenger planes.
She found that “in today’s standard
U.S. domestic configuration, the 12% of
people in first class use about 25% of the
passenger space, the 51 people in Economy
Plus use another 30%, leaving the sardines
– the other 157 people – with 45%.
That gives us a Gini index of about 16.
Transatlantic flights, however, are
increasingly taking this in-the-air
distinction to new heights. Take, for
example, the Boeing 777. It boasts seats
that turn into beds on which one can lie
fully horizontal. Unsurprisingly, though,
these air-beds take up even more space
than a first class seat. So if we look again
at how the space is distributed, we now
have 21% of the people using about 40%
of the plane, 27% using another 20%,
and the final 52% using the last 40%. The
Gini index has now increased, to .25.
America’s Gini index, by way of
comparison is 0.41, and Ireland’s around
0.31. So, compared with both Ireland
and the US, US passenger planes are a
socialist utopia. Ryanair which hems
everyone into a miserable minimal
yellowpak affair that passes for a seat
is likely to be more egalitarian still. Of
course there are luggage-limit exceeding
loads of caveats here. One reason that
airlines are becoming more unequal, as
one commenter on a blog published by
the Economist counterintuitively notes, is
precisely because they are becoming more
egalitarian. In the past only the rich could
afford to fly, so the amenities on planes
were more evenly distributed. Somehow it
reminds Villager of the argument Ryanair
makes that its relatively low-emission
fleet means that it is essentially doing the
environment a favour, when air travel is in
fact the least carbon-friendly travel mode.
Villager will not go to airports when he
seeks either equality or environmentalism.
How the cuts fell
Gross current expenditure in Ireland
actually rose by €1.1 billion (2%) between
2007 and 2014 – although this increase
was entirely due to non-discretionary
spending increases in Social Protection.
Capital expenditure bore the brunt of
cuts, falling by €4.5 billion, or 57%, in
that period. Excluding Social Protection,
current expenditure fell by €3.1 billion
(9%). According to publicpolicy.ie here are
a number of caveats that should be kept
in mind when interpreting the reduction
in capital expenditure since 2007. The
first is that with the completion of the
motorway programme, capital spending
was likely to be scaled back anyway.
Secondly, Public/Private Partnerships
are kept ‘off-books’, and so are omitted
in the analysis. Also ‘off-books’ is
investment in water infrastructure for
2014, which is now under the munificent
tutelage of Irish Water. Thirdly,
capital spending in 2007 was aimed at
building capacity for an economy that
would have been significantly larger
than it is today. Nevertheless, the
reduction in the largest areas of capital
expenditure has been quite striking,
as can been seen in the table below. •
Major areas of capital sending, 2007 & 2014
2007 2014 Change 1m Change %
Roads 2,173 600 1,573 -72%
Housing 1,258 273 985 -78%
School building 646 470 176 -27%
Public transport 641 296 345 -54%
Health facilities 493 324 169 -34%
Source: Revised Estimates 2008 and 2014